Donald Trump’s tax reforms have attracted, if nothing else, a lot of attention and the usual political controversy that follows his administration when he announces changes. However, the 2018 Standard Deduction is not reserved only for the wealthy and/or high-income earners. It covers 70% of all taxpayers. So, we’ve created a succinct overview of the implications posed by this new tax item, as a guide for you and your family.

The first thing to capture one’s attention is that the 2018 Standard Deduction has nearly doubled versus 2017, for all 3 primary categories of taxpayers. So, if you are a single filer, your deduction jumps from $6,350 to $12, 000; similarly, ahead of the household filer goes from $9,350 to $18,000, and joint filers enjoy a leap from $12,700 to $24,000.

As a rule, eye-popping changes like this come with a caveat. Very often apparent big benefits as outlined above are accompanied by a deletion or reduction of another tax allowance. And, that’s also the case here where the longstanding personal exemption has left the stage – effectively eliminating $4,050 for each member of the family. This naturally embraces not only the filer but also dependents such as children and elderly parents, thus making it a focal issue for large families. The removal of the personal exemption per individual (possibly multiple times on a single return) has the effect of pushing taxable income up – perhaps considerably depending on family circumstances.

We advise that you temper any excitement that the 2018 Deduction creates at first glance in favor of making a more sober assessment of the overall situation. Inevitably it means approaching things in a measured way by answering one important question: can the new Standard Deduction offset this clear disadvantage or even override it?

The answer is a little convoluted but comprehensible for most. It should be kept You’ll also want to keep in mind that the new tax laws have also introduced changes in child credit and lower tax rates across the board. Therefore, evaluating the opposite effects of improved deductions and removal of personal exemptions involves looking at things in a collective manner. All of these items end up coming together to converge on the bottom line, resulting in a net effect that varies substantially depending on your family size.

One big change of note: the 2018 Deduction law requires you to detail specific allowable deduction claims through Schedule A. This creates the opportunity to derive obtain extra savings and is a departure from simply relying on one’s filing status. The latter is still nonetheless an option available to filers, although relatively less accommodating if you’re looking to gain every possible tax advantage. The suggested Schedule A route involves more time and forethought but yields bigger tax reductions to make it well worth the effort.

In conclusion, the 2018 tax changes with special emphasis on the Standard Deduction seem, at first glance, to favor single filers and two-member family joint filers. However, larger families who make the effort to expand their overview of their taxable affairs should derive a net benefit as well; or at very least minimize potential tax increases.

It goes without question that the input of a tax professional can help to clear these muddy waters and will go a long way towards creating a good tax plan. For many, it will go further and propel them into the light at the end of this new twisty tax tunnel. So, give us a call today and see how we can help with your tax questions.

Matthew J. Rice CPA offers a variety of tax planning services to both businesses and individuals. Conscientious tax planning throughout the year can save you money and make tax time easier. Call us at 704-609-1119 and request a free initial consultation to learn more.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) raises many questions for taxpayers looking to plan for the coming year. Below are answers to some of them.

Do I need to adjust my withholding allowances, given that tax brackets have changed?

You may notice a change in your next paycheck as a result of the tax law, which alters tax rates, brackets, and other items that affect how much tax is withheld from your pay. The IRS has already issued new withholding tables, and your employer should adjust its withholding without requiring any action on your part. But you may want to take the opportunity to make sure you are claiming the appropriate number of withholding allowances by filling out IRS Form W-4. This form is used to determine your withholding based on your filing status and other information. The IRS suggests that you consider completing a new Form W-4 each year and when your personal or financial situation changes.

Can I take advantage of the new deduction for pass-through business income?

The new rules for owners of pass-through entities — partnerships, limited liability companies, S corporations, and sole proprietorships — allow them to deduct 20% of their business pass-through income. The 20% deduction is available to owners of almost any type of trade or business whose taxable income does not exceed $315,000 (joint return) or $157,500 (other returns). Above those amounts, the deduction is subject to certain limitations based on business assets and wages. Different deduction restrictions apply to individuals in specified service businesses (e.g., law, medicine, and accounting).

Can I still deduct mortgage interest and real estate taxes paid on a second home?

Yes, but the new rules limit these deductions. The deduction for total mortgage interest is limited to the amount paid on underlying debt of up to $750,000 ($375,000 for married individuals filing separately). Previously, the limit was $1 million. Note that the new restriction will not apply to taxpayers with home acquisition debt incurred on or before December 15, 2017. Additionally, the deduction for interest on home equity loans (new and existing) is suspended and will not be available for tax years 2018-2025.

Note that the law also establishes a $10,000 limit on the combined total deduction for state and local income (or sales) taxes, real estate taxes, and personal property taxes. As a result, your ability to deduct real estate taxes may be limited.

Are there any changes to capital gains rates and rules that I should know about?

The rules concerning how capital gains are determined and taxed remain essentially unchanged. But since short-term gains (for assets held one year or less) are taxed as ordinary income, they will be taxed at the new ordinary income rates and brackets. Net long-term gains will still be taxed at rates of 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your taxable income. And the 3.8% net investment income tax that applies to certain high earners will still apply for both types of capital gains.

2018 Long-Term Capital Gains Breakpoints

Can I still deduct my student loan interest?

Yes. Although some earlier versions of the tax bill disallowed the deduction, the final law left it intact. That means that student loan borrowers will still be able to deduct up to $2,500 of the interest they paid during the year on a qualified student loan. The deduction is gradually reduced and eventually eliminated when modified adjusted gross income reaches $80,000 for those whose filing status is single or head of household, and over $165,000 for those filing a joint return.

I have a large family and formerly got to take an exemption for each member. Is there anything in the new law that compensates for the loss of these exemptions?

The new law suspends exemptions for you, your spouse, and dependents. In 2017, each full exemption translated into a $4,050 deduction from taxable income which, for large families, added up. Compensating for this loss, the new law almost doubles the standard deduction to $12,000 for single filers and $24,000 for joint filers. Additionally, the child tax credit is doubled to $2,000 per child, and the income levels at which the credit phases out are significantly increased. Depending on your situation, these new provisions could potentially offset the suspension of personal exemptions.

I have been gifting friends and relatives $14,000 per year to reduce my taxable estate. Can I still do this?

Yes, you may still make an annual gift of up to $15,000 in 2018 (increased from $14,000 in 2017) to as many people as you want without triggering gift tax reporting or using any of your federal estate and gift tax exemption. But TCJA also doubles the exemption to an estimated $11.2 million ($22.4 million for married couples) in 2018. So anyone who anticipates having a taxable estate lower than these thresholds may be able to gift above the annual $15,000 per-recipient limit and ultimately not incur any federal estate or gift tax. Note, however, that the higher exemption amount and many of TCJA’s other changes to personal taxes are scheduled to expire after 2025, unless Congress acts to extend them.

Matthew J. Rice CPA offers a variety of tax planning services to both businesses and individuals. Conscientious tax planning throughout the year can save you money and make tax time easier. Call us at 704-609-1119 and request a free initial consultation to learn more.

This communication is not intended to be tax advice and should not be treated as such. Each individual’s tax circumstances are different. You should contact your tax professional to discuss your personal situation.